The oryx is primarily found in the arid regions of Africa, particularly in countries such as Namibia, Botswana, and South Africa. There are several subspecies of oryx, including the scimitar-horned oryx, Arabian oryx, and East African oryx. These subspecies inhabit various desert and semi-desert habitats, ranging from sandy dunes to rocky plains. Oryx are well adapted to these harsh environments, with their efficient cooling mechanisms and ability to withstand long periods without water. They have evolved to thrive in areas with sparse vegetation and extreme temperature fluctuations.